《One Hundred Years of Solitude 》is a novel written by Colombian writer Garcia Marquez. In view of its innovative magical realism style and rich content, it won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982. The influence of his works is beyond our imagination: Salman Rushdie, an Indian in Britain, Tony Morrison in the United States, Mo Yan in China, etc., are all influenced by him. The novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" tells the story of the Buendia family in a small town named Macondo, which continued a series of magical family history such as incest, poisoning and prophecy for seven generations. The novel not only shows the lonely fate of family members, but also symbolically reflects the lonely history of Latin America for a century.
《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加西亚·马尔克斯创作的长篇小说。鉴于作品创新的魔幻现实主义风格和内容的丰富性，1982年获得诺贝尔文学奖。作品的影响力超乎我们的想象: 如英国的印度人萨尔曼·拉什泽，美国的托尼·莫里森，中国的莫言等等，都受他的影响。《百年孤独》这部小说讲述的是布恩迪亚家族七代人，在一个名叫马孔多的小镇开启的乱伦、毒杀、预言等一系列长达百年的魔幻家族史。小说不仅展现了家族成员各自的孤独命运，还象征性地反应了整个拉丁美洲一个世纪孤寂的历史。
Macondo village, this is a fictional place. The author "inserted" the Buendia family in this fictional land. Because of the combination of novel and realism, the works well reflect many Colombian customs and history; Because there are many characters involved and the story lasts for a long time, the content of the work is very rich and there are many themes. Macondo village is a place full of vivid stories: passionate love, civil war, political intrigue, global adventure and so on. However, no matter what activities people engage in, there is a unique sense of loneliness on their faces. "... they all try to break through the strange circle of loneliness in various ways, but fierce actions are always attributed to setbacks and fall into deep loneliness in different ways. For them, loneliness seems to be an irresistible mysterious fate. So "loneliness" naturally becomes the main theme of the novel.
Loneliness runs through the novel. This seems to be an innate characteristic of the Buendia family, which affects every character in the novel.
马孔多村，这是虚构的地方。作者在这方虚构的土地上“插入”布恩迪亚家族。由于虚构与写实因素的结合，所以作品很好的反映了大量的哥伦比亚的习俗和历史；由于涉及人物之多、故事历时之久，所以作品内容非常丰富，主题也是多个。马孔多村，就是在这方土地上演绎了一个个鲜活的故事: 充满激情的爱情，内战、政治阴谋、环球冒险等等，但是，无论这个家族成员从事怎样的活动，他们的脸上都带着一种一望可知的特有的孤独感。“……他们都试图以各种方式突破孤独的怪圈，但激烈的行动总是归于挫败地沮丧，他们又以不同的方式，一个个陷入深沉的孤独之中。对他们来说，孤独仿佛是一种神秘的命运难以抗拒”。这样“孤独”自然也就成了小说的主要主题。
孤独贯穿于小说的始终，它似乎是布恩迪亚家族与生俱来的特征，它影响到小说中的每一个人物。
The loneliness of Colonel Aureliano Buendia speaks volumes. His clumsy expression of love led to war (children of different mothers everywhere). On one occasion, he even asked people to draw a 3m circle around Fiona Fang to avoid any contact. When the war ended and the peace agreement was signed, the colonel couldn't stand it and was afraid of the future. He wanted to kill himself. Fortunately, his clumsiness saved him again. He will spend his old age making small goldfish in his alchemy laboratory.
So are the other characters.
The founder of Macondo, Huo A Buendia, died alone under a tree.
Ursula lives alone in blindness.
The founder's sons, Huo Accati and Rebecca, live alone in another house.
Amaranta remains single.
Because of his mistress's refusal, Pietro Crespi tried to commit suicide.
Everyone will suffer the consequences of loneliness and abandonment.
Think carefully, everyone's loneliness actually represents the reincarnation of this family's fate. In other words, this family is also lonely. Throughout the novel, from the first person in the family being tied to a tree to the last person in the family being eaten by ants, the theme of the book-loneliness is revealed.
The reasons are as follows: 1. Macondo, the living environment of the characters in the book is lonely. It's very remote here, and it's difficult to get in touch with the outside world. Second, the residents of Macondo are lonely. They have a lingering sense of autism. For example, residents lack a correct understanding of insomnia, regard emergency as the normal state, and look for effective treatment without closure. Third, the Buendia family is "lonely". For example, the same name is used repeatedly for generations in the family, which is also a sign of lack of communication between family members.
奥雷连诺·布恩迪亚上校的孤独很能说明问题。他表达爱的笨拙导致战争(离开不同母亲的孩子，在各个地方)。在某个时候，他甚至会要求人们在他周围画一个方圆3米的圆圈，以避免任何接触……。当战争结束，和平协议签署后，上校无法忍受，并对未来感到恐惧，他想开枪自杀。幸运的是他的笨拙又救了他。他将在他的“炼金术实验室”里制造小金鱼度过晚年。
其他角色也一样。
马孔多的创始人霍·阿·布恩迪亚孤独终老于树下。
乌苏拉在失明中孤独地生活。
创始人的儿子霍·阿卡蒂奥和丽贝卡单独住在另一所房子里。
阿玛兰塔保持单身。
皮埃特罗·克雷斯皮由于他情妇的拒绝，他打算自杀。
所有人都将遭受孤独和遗弃的后果。
仔细想想，这每个人的孤独实际演绎着这个家族命运的轮回。也就是说这个家族也是孤独的。纵观整部小说，从家族的第一个人被绑在树上，到家族最后一个人被蚂蚁吃掉，就揭示了书的主旨——孤独。
究其原因: 一是书中人物生存的环境——马孔多就是孤独的，它位置偏僻，难与外界接触。二是马孔多的居民是孤独的。他们有挥之不去的自闭意识。比如居民对失眠症缺少正确的认识，把紧急情况视为常态，封闭的不去寻找有效的治疗方法。三是布恩迪亚家族是“孤独”的。如家族里一代代人反复使用相同的名字，家庭成员之间也缺少沟通。
The second theme of the novel is "incest".
Generally speaking, characters in novels don't fall in love. Or simply put, they can't express love. At the beginning, I talked about the relationship between two cousins: Huo Accati and Ursula (their uncle's children have no tails). In addition, Huo Accati 'ao is the son of the founder, and he married his adopted daughter Rebecca Montil, representing a brotherly relationship. And Olano Jose, who fell in love with his period, refused his proposal.
Amarano ursula is also related to his nephew Aureliano barbieri Yano. Yano didn't know their family relationship, because Aureliano's grandmother concealed their true origins. It is this last relationship, the only true love relationship in the whole story, and it is this true love that makes us see some hope.
However, the crystallization of this true love is a child with a "pig tail". No wonder this novel caused a great sensation as soon as it was published. In fact, people will not be so surprised when they open the ancient Bible, because the novel can find its shadow in the Bible, whether it is the characters, the plot or the theme. It can be said that the author Marquez not only revived ancient myths and legends, but also activated ancient wisdom. However, because the novel adopts the narrative method of the third person, there is no emotional analysis of the incident except the fear of the "pig tail" hanging over the family head, because it is an important image bearing the motif of incest and an "ancient fear" of human
小说的第二个主题是“乱伦”。
总体来说，小说中的人物不会爱。或者更简单的说他们不会表达爱。在最开始，讲述两个表弟之间的关系: 霍·阿卡蒂奥和乌苏拉(他们的叔叔的孩子没有尾巴)。此外，霍·阿卡蒂奥是创始人的儿子，他与养女丽贝卡·蒙蒂尔结婚，这代表了兄弟之间的关系。还有奥雷诺·何塞，他爱上了他的姨妈，但后者拒绝了他的求婚。
还有，阿玛兰诺·乌苏拉和他的侄儿奥雷连诺·巴比里亚诺之间的关系，后者不知道他们的家庭关系，因为奥雷连诺的祖母隐瞒了他们的真实出身。也正是这最后一种关系，是整个故事中唯一的真爱关系，也正是这真正的爱情向我们展示了些许的希望。
但是，这个真爱的结晶是长着“猪尾巴”的孩子。难怪小说一出版，就引起了巨大的轰动。其实，如果翻开古老的《圣经》人们就不会如此惊诧，因为小说无论从人物、情节，还是主题内容，都能在《圣经》中找到影子，可以说作者马尔克斯不仅复活了古老的神话传说，也激活了古老的智慧。但是，由于小说采用的是第三人称的叙述方式，对事件并没有做感情上的分析(也不分真实与虚幻)，除了一直悬挂在家族头顶的“猪尾巴”的恐惧，因为它是承载着“乱伦”这一母题的重要意象，这是人类孤独“古久的恐惧”。
In addition, it is worth mentioning that when Father Nicanor Horner came to Macondo to hold a wedding for Aureliano Buendia and Des Reina, he found that the children in the village were not baptized and lived in sin, so he decided to stay and spread blessings. It can be said that this plot alone adds a religious color to the novel.
另外，值得一提的是尼卡诺尔·霍纳神父来到马孔多庆祝奥雷连诺·布恩迪亚和雷麦戴丝·雷纳的婚礼时，他发现村子里的孩子没有洗礼，生活在罪恶之中，于是他决定留下来传播福因。可以说仅这一情节就为小说增加了宗教色彩。
The intriguing ending of the novel is: "... everything contained in the parchment will never be repeated, because the family destined to be lonely for a hundred years will not have a second chance to appear on the earth." For some readers who may get lost in all these quotations and other analogies and symbols, this feeling is too monotonous, but it is also too rich. In addition, "magic realism" may also confuse readers who do not fully understand the works. In fact, this novel not only contains loneliness, "... the noisy but vivid reality reflects the wealth and poverty of a continent and its people. "If you want to further understand the deeper meaning of the work, take your time, especially if you don't want to lose the clue of the story, it is also a treasure worth appreciating ... slowly.
小说耐人寻味的是结尾: “……羊皮卷上所载一切自永远至永远不会再重复，因为注定经受百年孤独的家族不会有第二次机会在大地上出现”。这对一些可能迷失在所有这些参考和其他类比和符号中的读者来说感觉太单调，但也太丰富了。此外，“魔幻现实主义”，也许还让没有完全读懂作品的读者感到困惑。事实上，这部小说不仅包含着孤独，“……其中喧嚣纷乱却又生动可信的现实，映射了一片大陆及其人民的富足与贫穷”。如果你想更深入了解作品所蕴含的更深厚的底蕴，慢慢来，尤其是如果你不想失去故事的线索，这也是值得享受的财富……慢慢地。
作者简介：Louis BISCIGLIA 出生于一个伟大的艺术家家庭，父母都是古典钢琴家。他就读于巴黎大学、哈佛大学，博士学位。他是跨国公司的国际法定审计师，也是巴黎萨克雷大学教授。他爱好广泛，尤其喜欢文学，着迷于中国文化。
编者简介： 徐凝 (笔名紫凝)，籍贯吉林省白城市。文学学士学位。高级教师。喜欢文学、美学、哲学，业余时间常以古筝为伴。内蒙古文艺评论家协会会员，兴安盟文艺评论家协会会员，湖北大学《中学语文》杂志社“特约撰稿人”，《都市头条》的“认证编辑”。在《中学语文》、《文学教育》等多家刊物和平台上发表文学评论、散文近百篇。
